Octalysis Framework - 8 core drivers
The 8 core drivers of gamification taken from Chou's book "Actionable Gamification (2016):
1) Epic meaning and calling (p. 24) -when a person believes they are doing something greater than themselves (rescuing Princess Peach, for example)
2) Development and Accomplishment (p. 25)- our drive to make progress at something (even when progress isn't "real")
3) Empowerment of Creativity and Feedback (p. 25-26) -when a game allows expression of creativity during play (example: minecraft)
4) Ownership and Possession (p. 26) owning something makes people want to improve it (properties in Monopoly, for example).
5) Social Influence and Relatedness (p. 27) being mentored or accepted socially or having competition (Runescape was a good example of this).
6) Scarcity and Impatience (p.27) wanting something within a game that is difficult to get or rare. This is very motivating to most people (Facebook is cited as an example. At the beginning they would only allow Harvard students to join).
7) Unpredictability and Curiosity (p. 27) when you don't know what's going to happen next, you are engaged in the process of finding out.
8) Loss and Avoidance (p. 28) doing something to avoid a negative loss is motivating for players and learners.